Aug 25, 2017 | Healthy Tips
HOW TO LOWER YOUR RISK- DIABETES
Good habits go a long way toward preventing the other health problems that diabetes can cause. Make these tips part of your regular health routine:
Keep tight control of your blood sugar. It’s the best way to avoid diabetes complications. Your levels should stay in these healthy ranges as much as possible:
• Between 70 and 130 mg/dL before meals
• Less than 180 mg/dL 2 hours after you start a meal
• Glycated hemoglobin or A1C level around 7%
Watch your blood pressure and cholesterol. If they’re too high, you’re more likely to get other health problems, like heart disease. Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/dL.
Get regular check-ups. Your doctor can check your blood, urine, and do other tests to spot any problems. These visits are especially important since many diabetes complications don’t have clear warning signs.
Don’t smoke. Lighting up harms your blood flow and raises blood pressure. If you need help to quit, your doctor can recommend treatments that might work for you.
Protect your eyes. Get a yearly eye exam. Your doctor can look for damage or diseases.
Check your feet every day. Look for any cuts, sores, scrapes, blisters, ingrown toenails, redness, or swelling. Wash and dry your feet carefully each day. Use lotion to avoid dry skin or cracked heels. Wear shoes on hot pavement or on the beach, and socks and shoes in cold weather. Test bath water before you get into avoid burns on your feet. Keep your toenails trimmed and filed straight across.
Take care of your skin. Keep it clean and dry. Use talcum powder in places where skin may rub together, like your armpits. Don’t take very hot showers or baths, or use drying soaps or bath gels. Moisturize your skin with body and hand lotion. Stay warm in cold winter months. Use a humidifier in your bedroom if it feels too dry.
WebMD Medical Reference
Reviewed by Minesh Khatri, MD
Aug 25, 2017 | Healthy Tips
METH ABUSE COULD UP STROKE RISK IN YOUNGER USERS
THURSDAY, Aug. 24, 2017 (HealthDay News) —
Younger adults who use methamphetamine may be at greater risk for stroke, a new review suggests. With the use of the stimulant increasing, particularly in more potent forms, doctors in many countries are seeing more meth-related disease and harms, the Australian study authors said. This is especially true among younger people, who are the major users of the drug.
“It is likely that methamphetamine abuse is making a disproportionate contribution to the increased incidence of stroke among young people observed over recent years,” said researchers led by Julia Lappin. She’s with the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre at the University of New South Wales in Sydney.
These strokes can lead to disabilities or death, she and her colleagues pointed out.
For the review, Lappin’s team analyzed 77 studies that investigated the link between methamphetamine use and stroke risk in adults younger than 45. They identified reports of 98 strokes — 81 caused by bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic) and 17 caused by a blood clot (ischemic). Men were twice as likely as women to suffer one of these strokes.
Ischemic strokes are more common in the general population.
But eight out of 10 of the strokes associated with methamphetamine abuse were bleeding strokes, the researchers said. This is a dramatically higher rate than typically reported among people in this age group and older adults.
The brain bleeds also increased the risk of death among younger methamphetamine users: One-third of them died, the study found.
Bleeding strokes were associated with the drug regardless of whether it was swallowed or injected. In about one-third of all cases, the strokes were linked to inflamed blood vessels and high blood pressure, the researchers said.
They added that methamphetamine abuse could cause high blood pressure in otherwise healthy people.
The study was published online Aug. 23 in the Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.
— Mary Elizabeth Dallas
Aug 17, 2017 | Healthy Tips
PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PCOS
Risks To Mom And Baby And How You Might Prevent Them
By Nicole Galan, RN
Most women with PCOS are aware that they may have some difficulty becoming pregnant. Irregular periods and absent ovulation can make it challenging to time intercourse for pregnancy and commonly leads a couple to seek out the assistance of a reproductive specialist.
But many women aren’t aware that having PCOS can also increase her risk for certain pregnancy-related complications. Though rest assured these complications aren’t common, a woman should still visit her obstetrician regularly and follow her recommendations for prenatal screening.
Miscarriage
Women who have PCOS do appear to be at a slightly higher risk for having a miscarriage, though the cause for this relationship is unclear. Researchers believe that a few factors may be to blame. First, women with PCOS tend to have longer menstrual cycles, meaning that ovulation occurs later on. This exposes the developing egg to lots of hormones, possibly damaging it.
Second, there is a known relationship between uncontrolled blood sugar and miscarriage. Given that women with PCOS tend to have insulin resistance and elevated insulin levels, some researchers hypothesize that this may contribute to poor egg quality and miscarriage. High androgen levels and endometrial dysfunction, meaning problems with implantation, may also play a role in the increased risk of early pregnancy loss in women with PCOS – though more research is needed before a clear association can be developed.
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Preeclampsia
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, or PIH, refers to women who develop new onset high blood pressure after 20 weeks.
Preeclampsia is a serious health condition that also develops in the second half of pregnancy and causes protein in the urine, in addition to high blood pressure. The loss of protein in the urine leads to swelling and signals a problem with the kidneys.
If left untreated, preeclampsia can progress to the severe form of the syndrome called eclampsia, which can cause seizures, blindness, and/or coma.
In serious cases, both maternal and foetal death can result.
Every time you visit your doctor, she will check your blood pressure and take a urine sample to look for protein in the urine. This is to make sure that you are not developing preeclampsia. If you are diagnosed with preeclampsia, treatment involves bed rest, frequent monitoring, and medication to hopefully lower your blood pressure. If your blood pressure does not decrease, the only known cure is to deliver the baby. The goal is to get the baby as far along in the pregnancy as possible so that the lungs have a chance to develop.
Women with PCOS tend to have higher blood pressure to begin with, increasing their risk for developing PIH. This is why it’s important to watch out for signs and symptoms of PIH and preeclampsia (swelling, rapid weight gain, severe headache, vision changes) and promptly report them to your doctor, or proceed to the emergency room if necessary.
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs when diabetes, an alteration in how the body processes sugar, develops during pregnancy. While the condition usually resolves after giving birth, a woman with gestational diabetes is more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life, requiring ongoing monitoring of blood sugar levels.
All pregnant women are monitored for gestational diabetes with routine blood sugar screening sometime between 26 and 28 weeks. Women with known diabetes, insulin resistance, or who are at higher risk for developing gestational diabetes may be screened earlier. Women who are older than 25, have had gestational diabetes with prior pregnancies, who are overweight, who have prediabetes, or who have close family members who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are at greater risk for developing gestational diabetes. Women with PCOS are a part of that group because of the association with insulin resistance and prediabetes.
Gestational diabetes can be treated with a combination of lifestyle changes or medication if necessary. It’s important to be vigilant about monitoring your blood sugar as directed by your physician because babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes are at higher risk for high birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory issues at birth, low blood sugar, and jaundice.
Premature Delivery
Women with PCOS are also at risk of delivering their baby early. The reason behind this again is not totally clear. Experts do know that preeclampsia is a risk factor for premature delivery, and women with PCOS are at a higher risk of preeclampsia.
In addition, experts have found that babies born to moms with PCOS are more likely to be large (called large for gestational age), have meconium aspiration (when a baby’s first stool gets into their lungs), and have a low Apgar score at five minutes.
Preventing Pregnancy Complications in PCOS
Some of these complications sound pretty scary, but there are many things that you can do to help prevent them. First and foremost is to get regular prenatal care as early into the pregnancy as possible. Even better would be to see your doctor before trying to conceive so that you can discuss specific steps to lower your risks – like optimizing your weight.
Second, make some positive lifestyle changes. Even though they may be hard to implement, remember that you are doing it for your baby (and for yourself). For instance, discuss an exercise regimen with your doctor, and if you struggle with healthy eating habits, ask for a referral to a nutritionist.
Sources:
American Diabetes Association. (2013). Before Pregnancy.
American Pregnancy Association. Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Kamalanathan, S., Sahoo, J.P., & Sathyapalan, T. Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jan-Feb;17(1):37-43.
Roos, N., Sahlin, K.H., Ekman-Ordeberg, G., Falconer, H., & Stephansson, O. (2011). Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Population-based Cohort Study. BMJ, Oct 13;343:d6309
Aug 17, 2017 | Healthy Tips
OBESITY’S DAMAGING EFFECTS ON THE KIDNEYS
Being fat greatly increases risk of developing kidney disease
By Veeraish Chauhan, MD
I probably don’t need to start off with the usual platitudes about obesity’s damaging effects on your health. A grand simplification would be a two-word long statement: “obesity kills”. But most people know that already. Obesity’s role as a major risk factor for heart and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, bone and joint disease is almost universally known.
WE ARE GROWING FATTER
In 1997, the World Health Organization called obesity “one of the greatest neglected public health problems of our time with an impact on health which may well prove to be as great as that of smoking”.
If you are into statistics, here are some sobering numbers: close to 3 million people die each year because of being obese. To give you a perspective, that is about a fifth of the number of people who died in World War II (15 million). In other words, we are losing the same number of people to obesity every five years, as died during the war! We, the Land of Plenty are the fattest nation in the world by sheer numbers (although American Samoa takes the cake if you go by the percentage of obese population).
Why we have this dubious distinction is beyond the scope of this article, but it includes social, cultural, and economic factors. We live in an era of cheap food and large portion sizes. What is a small in the US is large in Europe. What is a medium in the US does not exist in most other places on Earth. This epidemic of gluttony is bound to have public health effects.
DOES OBESITY HURT YOUR KIDNEYS
Absolutely.
Over the last decade, several studies have established higher body weight for height (your Body Mass Index) as a risk factor for kidney disease development and progression. This stands true even after adjusting for blood pressure and diabetes. In other words, people who are obese are at risk of developing kidney failure because of their obesity alone, and not just because they are also more likely to have high blood pressure and diabetes (otherwise the two biggest risk factors for kidney disease).
Another over- simplification would be to state that: the heavier you are, the harder your kidneys work. From a more scientific standpoint though, obesity induces a range of dysfunctional changes in the kidney that eventually lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the worst case scenario, the affected person could see their kidney function decline to the point where they need dialysis.
So what are these changes. At the risk of getting too technical, let me give you a quick overview:
Obesity already has a known association with other diseases that hurt your kidneys. I am talking about the usual suspects- high blood pressure, diabetes, high uric acid levels, high cholesterol levels, etc. This constellation which often comes as a “package deal” with obesity is called the metabolic syndrome. These conditions lead to kidney disease, albeit by indirect mechanisms.
Obesity directly causes damaging changes in the kidneys’ blood perfusion and pressure. These changes begin long before any clinical effects of obesity on the kidneys are obvious. This was shown in a major study from Spain that did kidney biopsies on obese patients presenting for weight loss/bariatric surgery.
If you thought that your body fat which you happen to hate so much is merely a passive depot of tissue that prevents you from showing your six-pack, think again. The new paradigm in our understanding of body fat is to view it as an endocrine gland; one that produces hormones called “adipokines”. It is these adipokines that cause systemic inflammation and alteration in the kidneys’ blood flow/pressure. Inflammation hurts the blood vessels and kidneys, among other organs. When cells in the kidney die from the effects of this inflammation, it could lead to permanent scarring in the kidneys which eventually leads to kidney disease. Hence, body fat is a thriving nidus of hormonal activity that is harmful for the kidney function.
IS OBESITY RELATED KIDNEY DAMAGE TREATABLE
The no brainer answer would be that losing weight might help. Weight loss is known to reduce blood pressure, drop your insulin resistance, and reduce the systemic inflammation mentioned above. Beyond losing weight though, a few medications might have a role in certain situations:
For instance, a specific kind of kidney disease caused by obesity is something called Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and it might be possible to control that in the early stages by medications called ACE inhibitors (an example would be Lisinopril).
Cholesterol medications like statins might be helpful (eg. atorvastatin or Lipitor).
Metformin, a common medication used for diabetes has a role in preventing obesity related kidney damage
Treatment of associated risk factors like hypertension, diabetes or insulin resistance, sleep apnea, dyslipidemia is also necessary.
Long story short, being fat is bad news for your kidney function. Tighten your belt if the thought of being on dialysis scares you.
Aug 16, 2017 | Healthy Tips
TYPE 2 DIABETES: HOW TO HANDLE THE NEWS
You have type 2 diabetes.” It’s a tough diagnosis to hear. Once you’re told, what should you do?
First, take a breath. You may be surprised or even shocked, especially if your body feels the same as it always has. Some people feel scared, sad, or overwhelmed.
But after you have time to think, remember this: You can live a long, healthy life with diabetes. You may need to make changes to your daily routine, but it doesn’t have to stop you from doing the things you want and need to do.
“Diabetes can be controlled,” says Gregory Dodell, MD, of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System in New York. “In addition to finding ways to live a healthier life, we have amazing tools that can help avoid complications.”
Get to the right mindset with these first steps:
Accept the Challenge
A shift in your thinking may help you feel better and move forward.
“Think of managing diabetes and improving your overall health as a tremendous challenge with a huge upside,” Dodell says. Maybe you haven’t been eating well or getting enough exercise. Maybe you need more of a work-life balance. Your diagnosis can be a wake-up call — in a good way.
“We often take our health for granted,” Dodell says. “But in the long run, it’s difficult to accomplish all we do on a daily basis if we’re not healthy.”
A change in mindset worked for Quinn Nystrom, a diabetes advocate in Baxter, MN, who has been living with the condition for 18 years.
“When I learned that I was the only one that could determine the quality of my life, it changed how I looked at the world,” Nystrom says. “Diabetes didn’t have to define me, I could use it to refine me.”
Get the Facts
As you start diabetes care, you may hear a lot of topics and terms you don’t know much about, like glucose levels, insulin, blood testing meters, or hypoglycaemia. But there are many ways to educate yourself about the condition and how to control it.
National organizations, like the American Diabetes Association and the CDC, offer reliable information and resources on their websites. You can join an online community or an in-person support group. Also, ask your doctor for more information.
“Once you understand what’s happening, you learn how to better help yourself,” Popat says. By talking more with her doctor and family, she got a better handle on living with diabetes.
Look to Your Health Care Team
You don’t have to go through this alone. “Your doctors are on your side,” Dodell says. They’ll give you tools and education to help you manage it.
Make an appointment with a diabetes educator, who’ll give you support and get you on the right track.
He/she may:
Help you create a healthy lifestyle plan.
Show you how to test and keep track of your blood sugar.
Teach you about medication.
Teach you how to buy supplies and use them safely.
Watch for problems with your feet, skin, and eyes.
To find a diabetes educator, ask your doctor for a recommendation. Or find one through the American Association of Diabetes Educators.
Think about bringing a family member or friend with you to your appointments for support.
Make Small Changes
If you try to overhaul your lifestyle with big sweeping changes, you may get overwhelmed or discouraged.
Instead, take small steps. Go for a walk every night after dinner. Swap one unhealthy food or drink for a better option. Over time, small changes add up to results.
Make changes you can live with long term. Find healthy foods that taste good and are easy to prepare. Choose physical activities you enjoy. If you smoke, talk with your doctor about ways that you can quit for good. You’re more likely to stick with lifestyle changes when they’re easier to take on.
Ask for Support
Your family and friends can be a big help as you handle your diagnosis and start to make changes.
Talk to them about how you’re feeling. Ask them to start new habits with you.
You can plan healthy family dinners and stock the pantry with good food choices. Try exercising together, too. Take evening walks, or buddy up for a gym class or morning swim. When you make plans with other people, you’ll be less likely to skip your healthy routine.
Most of all, give yourself time to adjust. It’s normal to feel shaken up by your diagnosis. But as time goes on, you’ll get used to your new normal. You may even be surprised how much better — and healthier — you feel.
Aug 16, 2017 | Healthy Tips
WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES?
You’re in Control
Taking care of yourself when you have diabetes takes effort. You need to check your blood sugar, eat right, stay active, and take your medications. It makes a big difference because it can help you avoid major problems throughout your body, even in places you might not expect. Stick to your treatment plan so you can help slow them down or prevent them altogether
Gum Disease and Cavities
Diabetes makes you more likely to get infections inside your mouth, like gum disease or thrush, a fungal infection that can cause painful white sores. Uncontrolled high blood sugar can also make you more likely to have plaque and cavities. A 2015 study found that people with diabetes lose twice as many teeth as those without the disease. Make sure you tell your dentist about your condition and keep up with brushing, flossing, and rinsing with antiseptic mouthwash. Watch for bleeding gums or other signs of gum disease.
Problems with Vision
Diabetes can lead to glaucoma (more pressure in the eye) and cataracts (clouding of your eye’s lens). It also can harm the blood vessels in the retina at the back of your eye, a problem that doctors call diabetic retinopathy. All of these conditions can make your vision worse and even lead to blindness. By the time you notice your eyesight fading, your eyes may already have serious damage. So see your eye doctor regularly.
Damaged Nerves
Many people with diabetes get nerve damage, called neuropathy. It can happen anywhere in your body, but it most often affects your arms, legs, hands, and feet. Doctors call this peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms can include a tingling feeling, numbness, sensitivity, or pain. Another kind, called autonomic neuropathy, can affect urination, sex, digestion, and other body functions. It’s less likely if you aren’t overweight, and if you manage your blood pressure and blood sugar.
Foot Problems
If diabetes damages nerves in your feet, numbness can make you less likely to notice an injury or infection. Your condition can also make it harder for blood to flow in that area. Together, these problems can eventually cause so much harm that your toes or feet need to be amputated. Quit smoking and get exercise to make these issues less likely. Also, check your feet daily, keep them clean and moisturized, and wear shoes that fit well and protect your feet.
Skin Conditions
Many of these changes happen because of infections, which are more likely with diabetes. Your skin may become itchy, it may feel thinner or thicker, or you may notice scaly or discolored patches. Blood circulation and nerve problems caused by diabetes can also affect your skin. It helps to stay at a healthy weight and keep your blood sugar under control. If you get sores or blisters because of an infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics, creams, or other medicine.
Digestive Trouble
Your vagus nerve helps move food through your digestive system. If diabetes damages it, digestion slows down. You can get heartburn, nausea, vomiting, bloating, feel too full after you eat, and lose your appetite. Manage your blood sugar to help prevent the problem. Even more commonly, nerve damage can affect your bowels, making you constipated or causing diarrhea. A healthy diet or laxatives can help keep you regular.
Strokes
These happen much more often among people with diabetes, and they also tend to happen at a younger age. A stroke happens when one of the vessels that send blood to your brain gets weak, injured, or blocked. When brain tissue doesn’t get enough blood, it can become permanently damaged within minutes. What can you do to prevent a stroke? Watch your blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure. High numbers can mean higher risk. Exercise, stay at a healthy weight, and most importantly, avoid tobacco smoke.
Heart Disease
The wear and tear on your blood vessels from diabetes mean a lot of extra work for your heart. And people with the disease are more likely to be overweight or have other conditions, like high blood pressure and high cholesterol. All that adds up to a serious chance for heart disease. That’s why it’s key to follow a ticker-friendly lifestyle — exercise, eat a healthy diet, get regular cholesterol and blood pressure screening tests, and say no to smoking and second-hand smoke.
Kidney Disease
Your kidneys are filled with tiny blood vessels that filter out waste, which then leaves your body when you pee. High blood sugar overworks these filters. Over time, they can have problems and stop working. The better you control your blood sugar — and your blood pressure, which also makes kidney disease more likely — the better your chances are at keeping your kidneys healthy. Even if you show symptoms of kidney disease, it’s still important to manage your blood sugar.
Problems with Sex
When diabetes damages your nerves and blood vessels, that can cut blood flow, which can lead to erectile dysfunction for men. Women may have trouble getting aroused, feel discomfort or pain during sex, or have less sensation. Tight control of your blood sugar helps, and so can lifestyle changes that ease the pressure on your blood vessels, like exercising, losing extra weight, and quitting smoking.
Infections
Diabetes makes you more likely to get infections more often and to have complications. People with the disease face higher chances of getting gum disease, respiratory infections, the flu, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and more. Make sure you stay up to date on vaccines, including immunizations for the flu and pneumonia.
